1  5868 127 SUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF METFORMIN ON T-HELPER 1-RELATED CHEMOKINES EXPRESSION IN THE HUMAN MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA CELL LINE THP-1. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (DM) ARE CHRONIC T-CELL-MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. METFORMIN IS A WIDELY USED DRUG FOR TYPE 2 DM THAT REDUCES THE NEED FOR INSULIN IN TYPE 1 DM. HOWEVER, WHETHER METFORMIN HAS AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT FOR TREATING DM IS UNKNOWN. WE INVESTIGATED THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MECHANISM OF METFORMIN IN THE HUMAN MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA CELL LINE THP-1. MATERIALS AND METHODS: THE HUMAN MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA CELL LINE THP-1 WAS PRETREATED WITH METFORMIN AND STIMULATED WITH LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS). THE PRODUCTION OF T-HELPER (TH)-1-RELATED CHEMOKINES INCLUDING INTERFERON-GAMMA-INDUCED PROTEIN-10 (IP-10) AND MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 (MCP-1), TH2-RELATED CHEMOKINE MACROPHAGE-DERIVED CHEMOKINE, AND THE PROINFLAMMATORY CHEMOKINE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA WAS MEASURED USING ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PATHWAYS WERE INVESTIGATED USING WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAY. RESULTS: METFORMIN SUPPRESSED LPS-INDUCED IP-10 AND MCP-1 PRODUCTION AS WELL AS LPS-INDUCED PHOSPHORYLATION OF C-JUN N-TERMINAL KINASE (JNK), P38, EXTRACELLULAR SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASE (ERK), AND NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B (NF-KAPPAB). MOREOVER, METFORMIN SUPPRESSED LPS-INDUCED ACETYLATION OF HISTONES H3 AND H4 AT THE IP-10 PROMOTER. CONCLUSIONS: METFORMIN SUPPRESSED THE PRODUCTION OF TH1-RELATED CHEMOKINES IP-10 AND MCP-1 IN THP-1 CELLS. SUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF METFORMIN ON IP-10 PRODUCTION MIGHT BE ATTRIBUTED AT LEAST PARTIALLY TO THE JNK, P38, ERK, AND NF-KAPPAB PATHWAYS AS WELL AS TO EPIGENETIC REGULATION THROUGH THE ACETYLATION OF HISTONES H3 AND H4. THESE RESULTS INDICATED THE THERAPEUTIC ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL OF METFORMIN.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
2  6085  95 THE EFFECTS OF ACARBOSE ON CHEMOKINE AND CYTOKINE PRODUCTION IN HUMAN MONOCYTIC THP-1 CELLS. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: CHRONIC INFLAMMATION INDUCED BY PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND CHEMOKINES IS POSTULATED TO BE INVOLVED IN INSULIN RESISTANCE AND BETA-CELL DYSFUNCTION IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2DM). ACARBOSE, THE ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR, IS AN ORAL ANTIDIABETIC DRUG FOR T2DM. ACARBOSE SUPPRESSES INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION IN PATIENTS WITH T2DM, THOUGH THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS ARE UNCLEAR. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS AND THE EXACT MECHANISMS OF ACARBOSE IN HUMAN MONOCYTIC THP-1 CELLS. METHODS: THP-1 CELLS WERE PRETREATED WITH ACARBOSE AND THEN STIMULATED WITH LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS). THE LEVELS OF TH1-RELATED CHEMOKINES, INCLUDING INTERFERON-GAMMA-INDUCIBLE PROTEIN-10 (IP-10), MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 (MCP-1), TH2-RELATED CHEMOKINE MACROPHAGE-DERIVED CHEMOKINE (MDC), AND PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA), WERE DETERMINED BY ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PATHWAYS WERE EXPLORED BY WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS AND USING A CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAY. RESULTS: ACARBOSE SUPPRESSED THE LEVELS OF IP-10, MCP-1, MDC, AND TNF-ALPHA AND DOWNREGULATED PHOSPHORYLATION OF P38, C-JUN N-TERMINAL KINASE (JNK), EXTRACELLULAR SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASE (ERK), AND NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B-P65 (NF-KAPPAB-P65) IN LPS-STIMULATED THP-1 CELLS. ACARBOSE SUPPRESSED LPS-INDUCED ACETYLATION OF HISTONES H3 (H3) AND H4 IN THE IP-10 AND MCP-1 PROMOTER REGIONS. THESE FINDINGS REVEALED THE SUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF ACARBOSE ON IP-10, MCP-1, MDC, AND TNF-ALPHA PRODUCTION IN THP-1 CELLS VIA, AT LEAST PARTIALLY, THE P38, JNK, ERK, AND NF-KAPPAB-P65 PATHWAYS, AS WELL AS THROUGH EPIGENETIC REGULATION VIA HISTONE H3 AND H4 ACETYLATION. CONCLUSION: OUR STUDY POINTS TO THE THERAPEUTIC ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL OF ACARBOSE.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
3  1667  39 DOWNREGULATION OF PCAF BY MIR-181A/B PROVIDES FEEDBACK REGULATION TO TNF-ALPHA-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION OF PROINFLAMMATORY GENES IN LIVER EPITHELIAL CELLS. ABERRANT CELLULAR RESPONSES TO PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, SUCH AS TNF-ALPHA, ARE PATHOGENIC FEATURES IN MOST CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. A VARIETY OF EXTRACELLULAR AND INTRACELLULAR FEEDBACK PATHWAYS HAS EVOLVED TO PREVENT AN INAPPROPRIATE CELLULAR REACTION TO THESE PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES. IN THIS STUDY, WE REPORT THAT TNF-ALPHA TREATMENT OF HUMAN AND MOUSE CHOLANGIOCYTES AND HEPATOCYTES DOWNREGULATED EXPRESSION OF P300/CBP-ASSOCIATED FACTOR (PCAF), A COACTIVATOR AND AN ACETYLTRANSFERASE THAT PROMOTES HISTONE ACETYLATION AND GENE TRANSCRIPTION. OF THESE UPREGULATED MICRORNAS IN TNF-ALPHA-TREATED CELLS, MIR-181A/B (MIR-181A AND MIR-181B) SUPPRESSED TRANSLATION OF PCAF MRNA. FUNCTIONAL MANIPULATION OF MIR-181A/B CAUSED RECIPROCAL ALTERATIONS IN PCAF PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN CULTURED CHOLANGIOCYTES AND HEPATOCYTES. INHIBITION OF MIR-181A/B FUNCTION WITH ANTI-MIRS BLOCKED TNF-ALPHA-INDUCED SUPPRESSION OF PCAF EXPRESSION. PROMOTER RECRUITMENT OF PCAF WAS SHOWN TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH TNF-ALPHA-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION OF INFLAMMATORY GENES. INTRIGUINGLY, PRETREATMENT OF CELLS WITH TNF-ALPHA INHIBITED TRANSCRIPTION OF INFLAMMATORY GENES IN RESPONSE TO SUBSEQUENT TNF-ALPHA STIMULATION. OVEREXPRESSION OF PCAF OR INHIBITION OF MIR-181A/B FUNCTION WITH ANTI-MIRS ATTENUATED THE INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF TNF-ALPHA PRETREATMENT ON EPITHELIAL INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE TO SUBSEQUENT TNF-ALPHA STIMULATION. DOWNREGULATION OF PCAF AND THE INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF TNF-ALPHA PRETREATMENT ON LIVER EPITHELIAL INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE WERE FURTHER CONFIRMED IN A MOUSE MODEL OF TNF-ALPHA I.P. INJECTION. THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT PCAF IS A TARGET FOR MIR-181A/B, AND DOWNREGULATION OF PCAF BY TNF-ALPHA PROVIDES NEGATIVE FEEDBACK REGULATION TO INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS IN LIVER EPITHELIAL CELLS, A PROCESS THAT MAY BE RELEVANT TO THE EPIGENETIC FINE-TUNING OF EPITHELIAL INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES IN GENERAL.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
4  3832  33 INVOLVEMENT OF SPINAL SIRT1 IN DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN RATS. IT IS KNOWN THAT THE EPIGENETIC PROCESS OF HISTONE ACETYLATION IS INVOLVED IN THE NEUROPATHIC PAIN. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER SIRTUIN TYPE 1 (SIRT1), AN NAD(+) DEPENDENT DEACETYLASE, AFFECTED ALLODYNIA AND HYPERALGESIA IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN. THE NEUROPATHIC PAIN MODEL WAS ESTABLISHED BY LIGATURE OF THE RIGHT SCIATIC NERVE TO INDUCE CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY (CCI) IN RATS. HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE (HAT) ACTIVITY WAS INCREASED AND, AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) ACTIVITY WAS DECLINED IN TISSUE OF THE SPINAL DORSA HORN IN CCI RATES BY MEANS OF ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA). THE PERSISTENT HYPERALGESIA AND ALLODYNIA CAUSED BY CCI WERE ASSOCIATED WITH DOWNREGULATION OF SIRT1 AND UPREGULATION OF ACETYLATED-H3 (AC-H3) IN TISSUE OF THE SPINAL CORD BY WESTERN BLOT ASSAY, WHICH WAS REVERSED AFTER INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF SIRT1 AGONIST SRT1720. SRT1720 TREATMENT ACHIEVED ANALGESIC THROUGH INHIBITING THE ACETYLATION OF NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B (NF-KAPPAB) AND BLOCKING THE RELEASES OF THE INFLAMMATORY FACTORS INCLUDING TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA) AND INTERLEUKIN (IL)-6 BY MEANS OF WESTERN BLOT AND REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR (RT-PCR), RESPECTIVELY. TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT SIRT1 IN THE SPINAL CORD PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN THE RAT MODEL.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
5  5479  36 RESVERATROL ATTENUATES CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS BY REGULATING THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NF-KAPPAB PATHWAY. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS CHARACTERIZED BY ACCELERATED LUNG AGING. SMOKING IS THE CRITICAL RISK FACTOR FOR COPD. CELLULAR SENESCENCE OF AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS IS THE CYTOLOGICAL BASIS OF ACCELERATED LUNG AGING IN COPD, AND THE REGULATION OF MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) IS THE CENTRAL EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF CELLULAR SENESCENCE. RESVERATROL (RES) IS A POLYPHENOL WITH ANTI-AGING PROPERTIES. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED WHETHER RES ATTENUATES CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT (CSE)-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS (BEAS-2B) THROUGH THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB (NF-KAPPAB) PATHWAY. BEAS-2B CELLS WERE TREATED WITH RES, CSE AND TRANSFECTED WITH MIR-34A-5P MIMICS. CELLULAR SENESCENCE WAS EVALUATED BY SENESCENCE -RELATED BETA-GALACTOSIDASE (SA-BETA-GAL) STAINING AND EXPRESSION OF SENESCENCE-RELATED GENES (P16, P21, AND P53). THE EXPRESSIONS OF MIR-34A-5P, SIRT1, AND NF-KAPPAB P65 WERE EXAMINED USING QUANTITATIVE REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND WESTERN BLOTTING. THE SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED SECRETORY PHENOTYPE (SASP) CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) WERE ASSESSED BY ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. THE BINDING BETWEEN MIR-34A-5P AND SIRT1 WAS CONFIRMED BY DUAL-LUCIFERASE REPORTER ASSAY. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT CSE DOSE-DEPENDENTLY DECREASED CELL VIABILITY AND ELEVATED CELLULAR SENESCENCE, CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED SA-BETA-GAL STAINING AND SENESCENCE-RELATED GENE EXPRESSIONS (P16, P21, AND P53). FURTHER, CSE DOSE-DEPENDENTLY INCREASED THE EXPRESSION OF MIR-34A-5P AND SASP CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) IN BEAS-2B CELLS. PRETREATMENT WITH RES INHIBITED CSE-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE AND SECRETION OF SASP CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) IN A DOSE-DEPENDENT MANNER. MOREOVER, RES REVERSED THE CSE-INDUCED DOWN-REGULATION OF SIRT1 AND UP-REGULATION OF MIR-34A-5P AND NF-KAPPAB P65. SIRT1 IS A TARGET OF MIR-34A-5P. OVEREXPRESSION OF MIR-34A-5P VIA TRANSFECTION WITH MIR-34A-5P MIMIC IN BEAS-2B CELLS ATTENUATED THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF RES ON CELLULAR SENESCENCE, ACCOMPANIED BY REVERSING THE EXPRESSION OF SIRT1 AND NF-KAPPAB P65. IN CONCLUSION, RES ATTENUATED CSE-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN BEAS-2B CELLS BY REGULATING THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NF-KAPPAB PATHWAY, WHICH MAY PROVIDE A NEW APPROACH FOR COPD TREATMENT.	2022	

6  6456  35 THYMOSIN BETA4 PREVENTS OXIDATIVE STRESS, INFLAMMATION, AND FIBROSIS IN ETHANOL- AND LPS-INDUCED LIVER INJURY IN MICE. THYMOSIN BETA 4 (TBETA4), AN ACTIN-SEQUESTERING PROTEIN, IS INVOLVED IN TISSUE DEVELOPMENT AND REGENERATION. IT PREVENTS INFLAMMATION AND FIBROSIS IN SEVERAL TISSUES. WE INVESTIGATED THE ROLE OF TBETA4 IN CHRONIC ETHANOL- AND ACUTE LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE- (LPS-) INDUCED MOUSE LIVER INJURY. C57BL/6 MICE WERE FED 5% ETHANOL IN LIQUID DIET FOR 4 WEEKS PLUS BINGE ETHANOL (5 G/KG, GAVAGE) WITH OR WITHOUT LPS (2 MG/KG, INTRAPERITONEAL) FOR 6 HOURS. TBETA4 (1 MG/KG, INTRAPERITONEAL) WAS ADMINISTERED FOR 1 WEEK. WE DEMONSTRATED THAT TBETA4 PREVENTED ETHANOL- AND LPS-MEDIATED INCREASE IN LIVER INJURY MARKERS AS WELL AS CHANGES IN LIVER PATHOLOGY. IT ALSO PREVENTED ETHANOL- AND LPS-MEDIATED INCREASE IN OXIDATIVE STRESS BY DECREASING ROS AND LIPID PEROXIDATION AND INCREASING THE ANTIOXIDANTS, REDUCED GLUTATHIONE AND MANGANESE-DEPENDENT SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE. IT ALSO PREVENTED THE ACTIVATION OF NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B BY BLOCKING THE PHOSPHORYLATION OF THE INHIBITORY PROTEIN, IKAPPAB, THEREBY PREVENTED PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION. MOREOVER, TBETA4 PREVENTED FIBROGENESIS BY SUPPRESSING THE EPIGENETIC REPRESSOR, METHYL-CPG-BINDING PROTEIN 2, THAT COORDINATELY REVERSED THE EXPRESSION OF PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA AND DOWNREGULATED FIBROGENIC GENES, PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR-BETA RECEPTOR, ALPHA-SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN, COLLAGEN 1, AND FIBRONECTIN, RESULTING IN REDUCED FIBROSIS. OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT TBETA4 HAS ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, AND ANTIFIBROTIC POTENTIAL DURING ALCOHOLIC LIVER INJURY.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
7  4303  34 MICRORNA-223 INHIBITS TISSUE FACTOR EXPRESSION IN VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. OBJECTIVE: ATHEROSCLEROSIS IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PROCESS, IN WHICH VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (ECS) BECOME DYSFUNCTIONAL OWING TO THE EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES, SUCH AS INFLAMMATORY FACTOR AND GROWTH FACTORS. TISSUE FACTOR (TF) EXPRESSION IS INDUCED BY THE ABOVE CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES IN ACTIVATED ECS. TF INITIATES THROMBOSIS ON DISRUPTED ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES WHICH PLAYS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE DURING THE ONSET OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES (ACS). INCREASING EVIDENCES SUGGEST THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF MICRORNAS AS EPIGENETIC REGULATORS OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASE. THE AIM OF OUR STUDY IS TO IDENTIFY IF MICRORNA-223 (MIR-223) TARGETS TF IN ECS. METHODS AND RESULTS: BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT TF IS A TARGET CANDIDATE OF MIR-223. WESTERN BLOTTING ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA) INCREASED TF EXPRESSION IN AORTA OF C57BL/6J MICE AND CULTURED ECS (EA.HY926 CELLS AND HUVEC) AFTER 4 H TREATMENT. IN TNF-ALPHA TREATED ECS, TF MRNA WAS ALSO INCREASED MEASURED BY REAL-TIME PCR. REAL-TIME PCR RESULTS SHOWED THAT MIR-223 LEVELS WERE DOWNREGULATED IN TNF-ALPHA-TREATED AORTA OF C57BL/6J MICE AND CULTURED ECS. TRANSFECTION OF ECS WITH MIR-223 MIMIC OR MIR-223 INHIBITOR MODIFIED TF EXPRESSION BOTH IN MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVELS. LUCIFERASE ASSAYS CONFIRMED THAT MIR-223 SUPPRESSED TF EXPRESSION BY BINDING TO THE SEQUENCE OF TF 3'-UNTRANSLATED REGIONS (3'UTR). TF PROCOAGULANT ACTIVITY WAS INHIBITED BY OVEREXPRESSING MIR-223 WITH OR WITHOUT TNF-ALPHA STIMULATION. CONCLUSIONS: MIR-223-MEDIATED SUPPRESSION OF TF EXPRESSION PROVIDES A NOVEL MOLECULAR MECHANISM FOR THE REGULATION OF COAGULATION CASCADE, AND SUGGESTS A CLUE AGAINST THROMBOGENESIS DURING THE PROCESS OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE RUPTURE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
8  5480  36 RESVERATROL REVERSES MORPHINE-INDUCED NEUROINFLAMMATION IN MORPHINE-TOLERANT RATS BY REVERSAL HDAC1 EXPRESSION. BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: WE PREVIOUSLY SHOWED THAT SUBSEQUENT INTRATHECAL (I.T.) INJECTION OF RESVERATROL (30 MUG) SIGNIFICANTLY REVERSES MORPHINE-EVOKED NEUROINFLAMMATION IN MORPHINE-TOLERANT RATS. THE PRESENT STUDY EXAMINED THE UNDERLYING MECHANISM. METHODS: MALE WISTAR RATS WERE IMPLANTED WITH TWO I.T. CATHETERS, ONE OF WHICH WAS CONNECTED TO A MINIOSMOTIC PUMP AND USED FOR MORPHINE (15 MUG/H) OR SALINE INFUSION FOR 120 HOURS. TO EXAMINE THE EFFECTS ON SPINAL CORD EXPRESSION OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE 1 (HDAC1), THE INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA), AND TNF RECEPTOR (TNFR) 1 AND TNFR2 DURING TOLERANCE INDUCTION, A TAIL-FLICK TEST WAS PERFORMED PRIOR TO INFUSION AND AFTER 24 HOURS, 48 HOURS, 72 HOURS, 96 HOURS, AND 120 HOURS OF INFUSION. RESULTS: RESVERATROL TREATMENT PRIOR TO MORPHINE CHALLENGE RESTORED THE ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECT OF MORPHINE IN MORPHINE-TOLERANT RATS AND REVERSED THE MORPHINE INFUSION-INDUCED INCREASE IN HDAC1, TNF-ALPHA, AND TNFR1 EXPRESSION. MOREOVER, CHRONIC MORPHINE INFUSION INCREASED TNFR1-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION IN NEURON IN MORPHINE-TOLERANT RAT SPINAL CORDS, AND THIS EFFECT WAS ALMOST COMPLETELY INHIBITED BY RESVERATROL TREATMENT PRIOR TO MORPHINE CHALLENGE. CONCLUSION: RESVERATROL RESTORES THE ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECT OF MORPHINE BY REVERSING MORPHINE INFUSION-INDUCED SPINAL CORD NEUROINFLAMMATION AND INCREASE IN TNFR1 EXPRESSION. THE REVERSAL OF THE MORPHINE-INDUCED INCREASE IN TNFR1 EXPRESSION BY RESVERATROL IS PARTIALLY DUE TO REVERSAL OF THE MORPHINE INFUSION-INDUCED INCREASE IN HDAC1 EXPRESSION. RESVERATROL PRETREATMENT CAN BE USED AS AN ADJUVANT IN CLINICAL PAIN MANAGEMENT FOR PATIENTS WHO NEED LONG-TERM MORPHINE TREATMENT OR WITH NEUROPATHIC PAIN.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
9  3868  37 JMJD6 EXERTS FUNCTION IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN BY REGULATING NF?KAPPAB FOLLOWING PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY IN RATS. TREATMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN (NPP) CONTINUES TO BE A MAJOR CHALLENGE, AND THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS REMAIN TO BE ELUCIDATED. PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT HISTONE METHYLATION IS IMPORTANT IN SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND MAY AFFECT NUCLEAR FACTOR?KAPPAB (NF?KAPPAB) SIGNALING THROUGH EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. THE PRESENT STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF JUMONJI C DOMAIN 6 (JMJD6), A HISTONE DEMETHYLASE, IN A CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY (CCI) MODEL OF NPP. ON THE THIRD DAY POST?CCI SURGERY, A JMJD6 OVEREXPRESSING LENTIVIRAL VECTOR (LV?JMJD6) WAS INTRATHECALLY INJECTED IN THE RATS. MECHANICAL WITHDRAWAL THRESHOLD AND THERMAL WITHDRAWAL LATENCY WERE ASSESSED PRIOR SURGERY AND ON DAYS 3, 7, 10 AND 14 POST?CCI. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT INTRATHECAL INJECTION WITH THE LV?JMJD6 ATTENUATED CCI?INDUCED PAIN FACILITATION. THE EXPRESSION OF JMJD6 WAS LOWER FOLLOWING CCI SURGERY, AND ITS EXPRESSION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED FOLLOWING INTRATHECAL INJECTION WITH LV?JMJD6, COMPARED WITH LEVELS IN NORMAL SALINE (NS)? AND NEGATIVE CONTROL LENTIVIRAL VECTOR (NC)?TREATED RATS. THE EXPRESSION OF SPINAL NF?KAPPAB PHOSPHORYLATED (P?)P65 SUBUNIT AND ITS DOWNSTREAM PAIN?ASSOCIATED EFFECTORS, INCLUDING INTERLEUKIN 1BETA (IL?1BETA), TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR?ALPHA (TNF?ALPHA) AND VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR (VEGF), WERE INCREASED FOLLOWING CCI SURGERY. INTRATHECAL INJECTION WITH LV?JMJD6 SUPPRESSED ACTIVATION OF THE P?P65 SUBUNIT IN CCI RATS. IN ADDITION, EXPRESSION LEVELS OF ITS DOWNSTREAM EFFECTORS IL?1BETA, TNF?ALPHA AND VEGF WERE ATTENUATED BY INTRATHECAL TREATMENT WITH LV?JMJD6, COMPARED WITH THOSE IN THE NS? AND NC?TREATED CCI RATS. FURTHERMORE, THE JMJD6? AND P65?IMMUNOREACTIVE CELLS OVERLAPPED IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN, HOWEVER, CO?IMMUNOPRECIPITATION SHOWED THAT JMJD6 AND THE NF?KAPPAB P65 SUBUNIT DID NOT DIRECTLY INTERACT, INDICATING OTHER FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIONS MAY EXIST BETWEEN THESE FACTORS FOLLOWING CCI SURGERY. COLLECTIVELY, THESE FINDINGS INDICATED AN IMPORTANT MECHANISM UNDERLYING THE PATHOGENESIS OF NPP. JMJD6 MAY EXERT ITS THERAPEUTIC FUNCTION IN NPP BY REGULATING NF?KAPPAB FOLLOWING CCI.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
10  3324  44 HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2 IS INVOLVED IN MICRO?OPIOID RECEPTOR SUPPRESSION IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN IN A RAT MODEL OF CHRONIC PANCREATITIS PAIN. CHRONIC PAIN OCCURS IN ~85-90% OF CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (CP) PATIENTS. HOWEVER, AS THE PATHOGENESIS OF CP PAIN REMAINS TO BE FULLY UNDERSTOOD, THE CURRENT THERAPIES FOR CP PAIN REMAIN INADEQUATE. EMERGING EVIDENCE HAS SUGGESTED THAT THE EPIGENETIC MODULATIONS OF GENES ARE INVOLVED IN CHRONIC PAIN. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, INTRAPANCREATIC TRINITROBENZENE SULFONIC ACID INFUSIONS WERE USED TO ESTABLISH A CP MODEL IN RATS. MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA WAS MEASURED WITH VON FREY FILAMENTS. IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STAINING ANALYSIS WAS USED TO OBSERVE THE EXPRESSION CHANGES OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2 (HDAC2) AND MICRO?OPIOID RECEPTOR (MOR), AND INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION OF THE SELECTIVE HDAC2 INHIBITOR AR?42 WAS USED TO ASSESS THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS. THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF C?JUN N?TERMINAL KINASE (JNK) IN THE THORACIC SPINAL CORD WERE DETECTED BY WESTERN BLOTTING, AND THE MRNA EXPRESSION LEVELS OF INTERLEUKIN (IL)1?BETA, IL?6 AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF)?ALPHA WERE DETECTED BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION?QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION. THE RESULTS DEMONSTRATED THAT HDAC2 EXPRESSION WAS UPREGULATED DURING THE COURSE OF CP INDUCTION, WHILE MOR ACTIVITY IN THE THORACIC SPINAL DORSAL HORN WAS SIGNIFICANTLY SUPPRESSED. INTRATHECAL INFUSION OF AR?42 SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED CP?INDUCED MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA, WITH RESCUED MOR ACTIVITY. ADDITIONALLY, HDAC2 FACILITATED THE RELEASE OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, INCLUDING IL?1BETA, IL?6 AND TNF?ALPHA. THESE RESULTS SUGGESTED THAT THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS OF HDAC2 REGULATING MOR ACTIVITY UNDER CP INDUCTION MAY OCCUR VIA PROMOTING THE RELEASE OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, THUS ACTIVATING THE JNK SIGNALING PATHWAY. THE PRESENT STUDY SUGGESTED THAT THE EPIGENETIC?REGULATED DISTURBANCE OF MOR IS DEPENDENT ON THE ENDOGENOUS ANALGESIA SYSTEM IN CP, WHICH MAY A PROVIDE NOVEL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY FOR TREATING PAIN IN CP.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
11  5227  33 PRMT6 MEDIATES INFLAMMATION VIA ACTIVATION OF THE NF-KAPPAB/P65 PATHWAY ON A CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT-INDUCED MURINE EMPHYSEMA MODEL. INTRODUCTION: SMOKE-DRIVEN LUNG INFLAMMATION IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE MAJOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MECHANISM OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)/EMPHYSEMA. PROTEIN ARGININE METHYLTRANSFERASE 6 (PRMT6) IS A KEY EPIGENETIC ENZYME, WHICH IS RELATED TO PROTECTING THE TRI-METHYLATION OF H3K4 (H3K4ME3). WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT PTMT6 PROTECTS LUNG INFLAMMATION THROUGH THE NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B (NF-KAPPAB) PATHWAY. METHODS: MICE WERE INJECTED WITH CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT (CSE) OR PBS TO ESTABLISH A MICE MODEL, INTRATRACHEALLY INSTILLED WITH OVEREXPRESSED PRMT6 OR NEGATIVE CONTROL VECTOR. MORPHOMETRY OF LUNG SLIDES AND LUNG FUNCTION WERE MEASURED. WE DETERMINED THE PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF PRMT6 AND ITS RELATED HISTONE TARGETS, THE ACTIVATION OF NF-KAPPAB PATHWAY, THE LEVEL OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA (TNFALPHA) AND INTERLEUKIN-1BETA (IL-1BETA). RESULTS: AFTER PRMT6 OVEREXPRESSION, THE MORPHOMETRY INDEXES AND LUNG FUNCTION WERE IMPROVED. ALSO, THE EXPRESSION OF H3K4ME3 WAS DECREASED. OVEREXPRESSED PRMT6 COULD SUPPRESS CSE-INDUCED NF-KAPPAB ACTIVATION AND PRO-INFLAMMATION GENES EXPRESSION. CONCLUSIONS: THE OVEREXPRESSED PRMT6 COULD SERVE AS AN INFLAMMATION INHIBITOR, POTENTIALLY THROUGH BLOCKING THE NF-KAPPAB/P65 PATHWAY IN THE MURINE EMPHYSEMA MODEL.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
12  5760  42 SOLUBLE URIC ACID PRIMES TLR-INDUCED PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION BY HUMAN PRIMARY CELLS VIA INHIBITION OF IL-1RA. OBJECTIVES: THE STUDY OF THE PROINFLAMMATORY ROLE OF URIC ACID HAS FOCUSED ON THE EFFECTS OF ITS CRYSTALS OF MONOSODIUM URATE (MSU). HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN WHETHER URIC ACID ITSELF CAN DIRECTLY HAVE PROINFLAMMATORY EFFECTS. IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATE THE PRIMING EFFECTS OF URIC ACID EXPOSURE ON THE CYTOKINE PRODUCTION OF PRIMARY HUMAN CELLS UPON STIMULATION WITH GOUT-RELATED STIMULI. METHODS: PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) WERE HARVESTED FROM PATIENTS WITH GOUT AND HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS. CELLS WERE PRETREATED WITH OR WITHOUT URIC ACID IN SOLUBLE FORM FOR 24 H AND THEN STIMULATED FOR 24 H WITH TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR (TLR)2 OR TLR4 LIGANDS IN THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF MSU CRYSTALS. CYTOKINE PRODUCTION WAS MEASURED BY ELISA; MRNA LEVELS WERE ASSESSED USING QPCR. RESULTS: THE PRODUCTION OF INTERLEUKIN (IL)-1BETA AND IL-6 WAS HIGHER IN PATIENTS COMPARED WITH CONTROLS AND THIS CORRELATED WITH SERUM URATE LEVELS. PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY POTENTIATED WHEN CELLS FROM HEALTHY SUBJECTS WERE PRETREATED WITH URIC ACID. SURPRISINGLY, THIS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A SIGNIFICANT DOWNREGULATION OF THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE IL-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST (IL-1RA). THIS EFFECT WAS SPECIFIC TO STIMULATION BY URIC ACID AND WAS EXERTED AT THE LEVEL OF GENE TRANSCRIPTION. EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING AT THE LEVEL OF HISTONE METHYLATION BY URIC ACID WAS INVOLVED IN THIS EFFECT. CONCLUSIONS: IN THIS STUDY WE DEMONSTRATE A MECHANISM THROUGH WHICH HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF URIC ACID (UP TO 50 MG/DL) INFLUENCE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES BY FACILITATING IL-1BETA PRODUCTION IN PBMCS. WE SHOW THAT A MECHANISM FOR THE AMPLIFICATION OF IL-1BETA CONSISTS IN THE DOWNREGULATION OF IL-1RA AND THAT THIS EFFECT COULD BE EXERTED VIA EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS SUCH AS HISTONE METHYLATION. HYPERURICAEMIA CAUSES A SHIFT IN THE IL-1BETA/IL-1RA BALANCE PRODUCED BY PBMCS AFTER EXPOSURE TO MSU CRYSTALS AND TLR-MEDIATED STIMULI, AND THIS PHENOMENON IS LIKELY TO REINFORCE THE ENHANCED STATE OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
13  1906  41 ENHANCER OF ZESTE HOMOLOG 2-CATALYSED H3K27 TRIMETHYLATION PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN ACUTE-ON-CHRONIC LIVER FAILURE VIA TNF-MEDIATED PATHWAY. ACUTE-ON-CHRONIC LIVER FAILURE IS MAINLY DUE TO HOST IMMUNITY SELF-DESTRUCTION. THE HISTONE H3 LYSINE 27 (H3K27) TRIMETHYLATING ENZYME, ENHANCER OF ZESTE HOMOLOG 2 (EZH2) MEDIATES EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF GENE EXPRESSION AND REGULATES IMMUNITY, ALSO INVOLVES PATHOGENESIS OF SEVERAL LIVER DISEASES. THE CURRENT STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE ROLE OF METHYLTRANSFERASE EZH2 AND ITS CATALYSED H3K27 TRIMETHYLATION (H3K27ME3) IN LIVER FAILURE, AND TO FURTHER INVESTIGATE THE POTENTIAL TARGET FOR LIVER FAILURE TREATMENT. EZH2 AND ITS CATALYSED H3K27ME3 WERE DETERMINED IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMC) FROM LIVER FAILURE PATIENTS AND KUPFFER CELLS FROM EXPERIMENTAL MICE. FURTHERMORE, GSK126 (AN INHIBITOR FOR EZH2 TRIMETHYLATION FUNCTION) WAS APPLIED IN LIVER FAILURE MICE IN VIVO, AND LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-STIMULATED MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO. EZH2 AND H3K27ME3 WERE SIGNIFICANTLY UPREGULATED IN HUMAN PBMC FROM LIVER FAILURE PATIENTS OR MURINE KUPFFER CELLS FROM THE LIVER FAILURE ANIMALS, RESPECTIVELY. GSK126 AMELIORATED DISEASE SEVERITY IN LIVER FAILURE MICE, WHICH MAYBE ATTRIBUTE TO DOWN-REGULATE CIRCULATING AND HEPATIC PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, ESPECIALLY TNF VIA REDUCING H3K27ME3. IN-DEPTH CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ANALYSIS UNRAVELLED THAT DECREASED ENRICHMENT OF H3K27ME3 ON TNF PROMOTOR, RESULTING IN TNF ELEVATION IN KUPFFER CELLS FROM LIVER FAILURE MICE. NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B (NF-KAPPAB) AND PROTEIN KINASE B (AKT) SIGNALLING PATHWAYS WERE ACTIVATED UPON LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE STIMULATION, BUT ATTENUATED BY USING GSK126, ACCOMPANIED WITH DECREASED TNF IN VITRO. IN CONCLUSION, EZH2 AND H3K27ME3 CONTRIBUTED TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF LIVER FAILURE VIA TRIGGERING TNF AND OTHER INDISPENSABLE PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES. EZH2 WAS TO MODIFY H3K27ME3 ENRICHMENT, AS WELL AS, ACTIVATION OF THE DOWNSTREAM NF-KAPPAB AND AKT SIGNALLING PATHWAYS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
14  1826  46 EFFECTS OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR ON EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PRODUCTION IN HUMAN NASAL POLYP ORGAN CULTURES. BACKGROUND: NASAL POLYPOSIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITION OF THE SINONASAL MUCOSA AND INVOLVES MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) ACCUMULATION. EPIGENETIC MODULATION BY HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITORS INCLUDING TRICHOSTATIN A (TSA) HAS BEEN REPORTED TO HAVE INHIBITORY EFFECTS ON MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION IN LUNG AND RENAL FIBROBLASTS. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF TSA ON MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND ECM PRODUCTION IN NASAL POLYP ORGAN CULTURES. METHODS: NASAL POLYP TISSUES FROM 18 PATIENTS WERE ACQUIRED DURING ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY. AFTER ORGAN CULTURE, NASAL POLYPS WERE STIMULATED WITH TGF-BETA1 AND THEN TREATED WITH TSA. ALPHA-SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN (ALPHA-SMA), FIBRONECTIN, AND COLLAGEN TYPE I EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE EXAMINED BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR), REAL-TIME PCR, WESTERN BLOT, AND IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STAINING. HDAC2, HDAC4, AND ACETYLATED H4 EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE ASSAYED BY WESTERN BLOT. CYTOTOXICITY WAS ANALYZED BY THE TERMINAL DEOXYNUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE BIOTIN-DUTP NICK END LABELING ASSAY. RESULTS: THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF ALPHA-SMA, FIBRONECTIN, AND COLLAGEN TYPE 1 WERE INCREASED IN NASAL POLYP AFTER TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR (TGF) BETA1 TREATMENT. TSA-INHIBITED TGF-BETA1 INDUCED THESE GENE AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION LEVELS. FURTHERMORE, TSA SUPPRESSED PROTEIN EXPRESSION LEVELS OF HDAC2 AND HDAC4. HOWEVER, TSA INDUCED HYPERACETYLATION OF HISTONES H4. TREATMENT WITH TGF-BETA1 WITH OR WITHOUT TSA DID NOT HAVE CYTOTOXIC EFFECT. CONCLUSION: THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND ECM PRODUCTION OF NASAL POLYP. TSA COULD BE A CANDIDATE OF A THERAPEUTIC AGENT FOR REVERSING THE TGF-BETA1-INDUCED ECM SYNTHESIS THAT LEADS TO NASAL POLYP DEVELOPMENT.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
15   969  29 CHRONIC NON-BACTERIAL OSTEOMYELITIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED SP1 SIGNALING, REDUCED IL10 PROMOTER PHOSPHORYLATION, AND REDUCED MYELOID IL-10 EXPRESSION. CHRONIC NON-BACTERIAL OSTEOMYELITIS (CNO) IS AN AUTO-INFLAMMATORY DISORDER THAT AFFECTS THE SKELETAL SYSTEM. INTERLEUKIN (IL-)10 IS AN IMMUNE-MODULATORY CYTOKINE THAT CONTROLS INFLAMMATION, AND LIMITS INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE RESPONSES. DYSREGULATION OF IL-10 EXPRESSION HAS BEEN SHOWN TO RESULT IN AUTOIMMUNE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES. WE INVESTIGATED IL-10 EXPRESSION BY MONOCYTIC CELLS FROM CNO PATIENTS AND CONTROLS. IN RESPONSE TO STIMULATION WITH LPS, IL-10 EXPRESSION FROM CNO MONOCYTES WAS REDUCED (P<0.001). THIS WAS INDEPENDENT OF IL10 PROMOTER POLYMORPHISMS. THUS, WE INVESTIGATED SP1 RECRUITMENT TO THE IL10 PROMOTER AND SAW MARKEDLY REDUCED BINDING IN CNO MONOCYTES. THIS WAS ACCOMPANIED WITH REDUCED PHOSPHORYLATION OF HISTONE H3 SERINE 10 (H3S10), AN ACTIVATING EPIGENETIC MARK. IMPAIRED RECRUITMENT OF SP1 TO THE IL10 PROMOTER, AND REDUCED H3S10 PHOSPHORYLATION, MAY BE A REFLECTION OF DEFICIENT MAPK SIGNALING IN CNO MONOCYTES IN RESPONSE TO LPS STIMULATION. THUS, WE HAVE DISCOVERED A MECHANISM THAT MAY BE CENTRAL IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CNO.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
16  6589  34 TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA GENE PROMOTER METHYLATION IN JAPANESE ADULTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: OVER-EXPRESSION OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA) PLAYS A PATHOLOGICAL ROLE IN CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS (CP) AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA), WHICH MIGHT BE REGULATED BY THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE WHETHER THERE IS A UNIQUE METHYLATION PROFILE OF THE TNF-ALPHA GENE PROMOTER IN BLOOD CELLS OF INDIVIDUALS WITH CP AND RA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: THE STUDY PARTICIPANTS CONSISTED OF 30 JAPANESE ADULTS WITH RA (RA GROUP), 30 RACE-MATCHED ADULTS WITH CP ONLY (CP GROUP) AND 30 RACE-MATCHED HEALTHY CONTROLS (H GROUP). GENOMIC DNA ISOLATED FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD WAS MODIFIED BY SODIUM BISULFITE AND ANALYZED, BY DIRECT SEQUENCING, TO INVESTIGATE DNA METHYLATION OF THE TNF-ALPHA GENE PROMOTER REGION. THE LEVEL OF TNF-ALPHA PRODUCED IN MONONUCLEAR CELLS STIMULATED WITH PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE WAS DETERMINED USING ELISA. RESULTS: TWELVE CYTOSINE-GUANINE DINUCLEOTIDE (CPG) MOTIFS WERE IDENTIFIED IN THE TNF-ALPHA PROMOTER FRAGMENT FROM -343 TO +57 BP. THE CP GROUP SHOWED A SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER METHYLATION RATE AND FREQUENCY AT -72 BP THAN THE H GROUP (P < 0.01). THE RA GROUP EXHIBITED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER METHYLATION RATES AT SEVEN CPG MOTIFS (-302, -163, -119, -72, -49, -38 AND +10 BP), AND SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER METHYLATION FREQUENCIES AT SIX CPG MOTIFS (-163, -119, -72, -49, -38 AND +10 BP), THAN THE H GROUP (P < 0.01 FOR ALL COMPARISONS). THE LEVELS OF TNF-ALPHA PRODUCED WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITHOUT METHYLATION AT -163 BP (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT THE HYPERMETHYLATED STATUS OF CPG MOTIFS IN THE TNF-ALPHA GENE PROMOTER IN BLOOD CELLS MAY BE UNIQUE TO JAPANESE ADULTS WITH CP AND RA.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
17  3792  30 INTERLEUKIN-1BETA INCREASES THE RISK OF GASTRIC CANCER THROUGH INDUCTION OF ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION IN A MOUSE MODEL. INTERLEUKIN-1BETA (IL-1BETA) HAS A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN CHRONIC GASTRIC INFLAMMATION AND MANIFESTATIONS OF GASTRIC DISEASES. THE PRESENT STUDY AIMED TO ELUCIDATE THE SPECIFIC ROLE OF IL-1BETA IN INDUCTION OF DNA METHYLATION USING IL-1 RECEPTOR TYPE 1 KNOCKOUT (IL-1R1(-)/(-)) MICE. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WILD-TYPE (WT) AND IL-1R1(-)/(-) MICE WERE INJECTED WITH IL-1BETA (5 MICROG/KG/DAY). SERUM LEVELS OF IL-1BETA, INTERLEUKIN-6 (IL-6) AND NITRIC OXIDE (NO) WERE MEASURED BY ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT OR NO ASSAYS. E-CADHERIN (E-CAD) METHYLATION STATUS AND MESSENGER (M)RNA EXPRESSION OF IL-1BETA, IL-6, E-CAD AND INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE (INOS) WERE ANALYZED. RESULTS FROM THE PRESENT STUDY INDICATED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IL-1BETA MRNA EXPRESSION (P<0.001) IN WT MICE COMPARED WITH IL-1R1(-)/(-) MICE. IL-1BETA AND IL-6 RELEASE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN TREATED WT MICE COMPARED WITH IL-1R1(-)/(-) MICE AT 1 H, 4 H AND 8 H (ALL P<0.005). IL-1BETA RELEASE WAS ONLY DETECTED IN WT MICE FOLLOWING A SECOND DOSE MEASURED AT DAY 3, WEEK 1 AND WEEK 2 WHEN COMPARED WITH IL-1R1(-)/(-) MICE. PROMOTER METHYLATION OF E-CAD AND A DECREASE IN GENE EXPRESSION WAS OBSERVED IN TREATED WT MICE. MRNA EXPRESSION OF INOS IN WT MICE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED AT WEEK 1 COMPARED WITH IL-1R1(-)/(-) MICE (P=0.0411). FURTHERMORE, A SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED LEVEL OF NO PRODUCTION WAS OBSERVED IN TREATED WT MICE (P<0.005 AT 8 H AND WEEK 1; P<0.001 AT 4 H AND DAY 3) WHEN COMPARED WITH IL-1R1(-)/(-) MICE. THE PRESENT RESULTS INDICATED THAT IL-1BETA WAS ABLE TO DIRECTLY INDUCE DNA METHYLATION, WHICH MAY LINK INFLAMMATION-INDUCED EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF GASTRIC DISEASES.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
18  3246  24 HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) INDUCES THE EXPRESSION OF INTERLEUKIN-8 THAT IN TURN REDUCES HBV SENSITIVITY TO INTERFERON-ALPHA. HIGH LEVELS OF SERUM INTERLEUKIN-8 (IL-8) HAVE BEEN DETECTED IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CHB) PATIENTS DURING EPISODES OF HEPATITIS FLARES. WE INVESTIGATED WHETHER HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) MAY DIRECTLY INDUCE IL-8 PRODUCTION AND WHETHER IL-8 MAY ANTAGONIZE INTERFERON-ALPHA (IFN-ALPHA) ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY AGAINST HBV. WE SHOWED THAT CHB PATIENTS HAD SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IL-8 LEVELS BOTH IN SERUM AND IN LIVER TISSUE THAN CONTROLS. IN HBV-REPLICATING HEPG2 CELLS, IL-8 TRANSCRIPTION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ACTIVATED. AP-1, C/EBP AND NF-KB TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS WERE CONCURRENTLY NECESSARY FOR MAXIMUM IL-8 INDUCTION. MOREOVER, HBX VIRAL PROTEIN WAS RECRUITED ONTO THE IL-8 PROMOTER AND THIS WAS PARALLELED BY IL8-BOUND HISTONE HYPERACETYLATION AND BY ACTIVE RECRUITMENT OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL COACTIVATORS. INHIBITION OF IL-8 INCREASES THE ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF IFN-ALPHA AGAINST HBV. OUR RESULTS INDICATE THAT HBV ACTIVATES IL-8 GENE EXPRESSION BY TARGETING THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THE IL-8 PROMOTER AND THAT IL-8 MAY CONTRIBUTE TO REDUCE HBV SENSITIVITY TO IFN-ALPHA.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
19  3323  34 HISTONE DEACETYLASE 1 (HDAC1): A KEY PLAYER OF T CELL-MEDIATED ARTHRITIS. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA) REPRESENTS A CHRONIC T CELL-MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE. STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTE TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF RA. HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS) REPRESENT ONE IMPORTANT GROUP OF EPIGENETIC REGULATORS. HOWEVER, THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL HDAC MEMBERS FOR THE PATHOGENESIS OF ARTHRITIS IS STILL UNKNOWN. IN THIS STUDY WE DEMONSTRATE THAT MICE WITH A T CELL-SPECIFIC DELETION OF HDAC1 (HDAC1-CKO) ARE RESISTANT TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF COLLAGEN-INDUCED ARTHRITIS (CIA), WHEREAS THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO COLLAGEN TYPE II WAS UNDISTURBED, INDICATING AN UNALTERED T CELL-MEDIATED B CELL ACTIVATION. THE INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IL-17 AND IL-6 WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED IN SERA OF HDAC1-CKO MICE. IL-6 TREATED HDAC1-DEFICIENT CD4(+) T CELLS SHOWED AN IMPAIRED UPREGULATION OF CCR6. SELECTIVE INHIBITION OF CLASS I HDACS WITH THE HDAC INHIBITOR MS-275 UNDER TH17-SKEWING CONDITIONS INHIBITED THE UPREGULATION OF CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR 6 (CCR6) IN MOUSE AND HUMAN CD4(+) T CELLS. ACCORDINGLY, ANALYSIS OF HUMAN RNA-SEQUENCING (RNA-SEQ) DATA AND HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SYNOVIAL TISSUE SAMPLES FROM HUMAN RA PATIENTS REVEALED THE EXISTENCE OF CD4(+)CCR6(+) CELLS WITH ENHANCED HDAC1 EXPRESSION. OUR DATA INDICATE A KEY ROLE FOR HDAC1 FOR THE PATHOGENESIS OF CIA AND SUGGEST THAT HDAC1 AND OTHER CLASS I HDACS MIGHT BE PROMISING TARGETS OF SELECTIVE HDAC INHIBITORS (HDACI) FOR THE TREATMENT OF RA.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
20  3342  32 HISTONE DEACETYLASE9 REPRESENTS THE EPIGENETIC PROMOTION OF M1 MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE VIA TLR4 REGULATION. ATHEROSCLEROSIS IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE MEDIATED BY VARIOUS FACTORS, WHERE EPIGENETIC REGULATION INVOLVING HISTONE DEACETYLATION IS ENVISAGED TO MODULATE THE EXPRESSION OF RELATED PROTEINS BY REGULATING THE BINDING OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS TO DNA, THEREBY INFLUENCING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS. THE MECHANISM OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS BY HISTONE DEACETYLATION IS PARTLY KNOWN; HENCE, THIS PROJECT AIMED AT INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE 9 (HDAC9) IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS. FOR THIS PURPOSE, SERUM WAS SEPARATED FROM BLOOD SAMPLES FOLLOWING CLOTTING AND CENTRIFUGATION FROM ATHEROSCLEROTIC AND HEALTHY PATIENTS (N = 40 EACH), AND THEN, VARIOUS TESTS WERE PERFORMED. THE RESULTS INDICATED THAT TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4 (TLR4) WAS NOT ONLY POSITIVELY CORRELATED TO THE HDAC9 GENE, BUT WAS ALSO UPREGULATED IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS, WHERE IT WAS ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY UPREGULATED IN THE ATHEROSCLEROSIS CELL MODEL OF OXIDIZED LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN-INDUCED MACROPHAGES. CONVERSELY, THE TLR4 WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DOWNREGULATED IN INSTANCES OF LOSS OF HDAC9 FUNCTION, CEMENTING THE BRIDGING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HDAC9 AND MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION, WHERE THE HDAC9 WAS FOUND TO UPREGULATE M1 MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION WHICH TRANSLATED INTO THE RELEASE OF HIGHER CONTENT OF PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES SUCH AS INTERLEUKIN-1BETA (IL-1BETA) AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA), WHICH TEND TO SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASE FOLLOWING THE DELETION OF TLR4. HENCE, THIS STUDY REPORTS NOVEL RELATION BETWEEN EPIGENETIC CONTROL AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS, WHICH COULD PARTLY BE EXPLAINED BY HISTONE DEACETYLATION.	2022